Some of the organic matter that could be transformed into building materials has, interestingly, so far been classified as undesirable or as repulsive in the construction industry. While the pharmaceutical industry, for example, has used bacteria with undisputed success, architecture and construction have not yet activated such capacities. However, bacteria can be used very successfully to make mineral building materials and buildings selfhealing and thus more durable, by using the property of certain bacteria to produce biominerals. Several research groups worldwide are also working on the question of whether this property could replace classic cement and thus revolutionise the concrete industry. The same applies to fungal mycelium. In the construction industry, fungi are associated as undesirable and even dangerous organisms. Yet there are species from which building materials can be grown. Here, the root system of the fungal organism, the so-called mycelium, acts as a cross-linking matrix (glue) of biological waste products, such as rice husks, grain stalks, husks or kernels. Depending on these aggregates, on the type of fungus and on the growth conditions, amazing building products can be obtained here, from insulation materials to new types of building boards. Bamboo, another material that has been used for centuries as a reliable resource for building, has also never reached the level of a successful industrialised building product, as it has always been trapped in the “traditional” drawer. As a new industrially-cultivated building material, however, bamboo’s potential lies in its extremely tensile fibre, which can easily rival today’s metallic building materials. The same applies to flax or hemp fibres. The extraction and industrial reconfiguration of these natural fibres opens up new possibilities in the creation of high-strength biological building materials and components. Added to this is the enormous scope for design offered by digital fabrication.